1-
History & Object
2-
Essentials (Scoring, Etc.)
3-
Mat Diagram
4-
Fouls
5- Glossary
Glossary
Breakdown:
Getting an opponent to
the mat on his stomach
or side, usually from
the offensive starting
position. Breakdown moves
include the spiral ride,
near arm crunch, tight
waist to cheap tilt, Iowa
ride, and crab ride.
Coach
misconduct: Penalty
following a conference
with the referee to discuss
misapplication of the
rules when it is determined
that the rules were properly
applied.
Defensive
starting position:
Wrestler who is on hands
and knees in a par
terre. From this position,
the wrestler attempts
to avoid being pinned,
escape, or perform
a reversal. Also
called bottom position.
Escape:
Occurs when a wrestler
who is being controlled
by his opponent gains
a neutral position, creates
space, and faces the opponent.
Standup and the sit-out
are common escapes.
Flagrant
misconduct: Called
against competitors for
such actions as striking,
biting, butting, elbowing,
or kicking an opponent.
Also called against coaches
and team personnel for
actions that warrant their
removal.
Illegal
hold: Anytime a wrestler
pushes an opponent’s
body part past its regular
range of motion, uses
excessive force, or performs
a hold that hampers breathing
or circulation.
Injury
time: Two injury timeouts
are allowed that cannot
exceed a total of 90 seconds,
in which a wrestler may
recover from an injury
and resume the match.
Near
fall: When one shoulder
is touching the mat and
the second shoulder is
past a 45-degree angle,
or if both shoulders are
within four inches of
the mat. Holding the position
for two seconds receives
two points, and maintaining
the position for five
seconds receives three
points. One point is added
if an injury timeout occurs
during the near fall.
The half nelson, arm bar,
cradle, and tilt leg ride
often result in a near
fall.
Neutral
position: Neither
wrestler has control.
From this position, wrestlers
attempt to takedown
their opponents. Wrestlers
often tie-up in
the neutral position while
working on a takedown.
Offensive
starting position:
Wrestler on top of the
par terre who kneels
with at least one knee
on the mat, one hand on
the opponents elbow,
and the other hand around
the opponents body.
From this position, a
wrestler tries to breakdown
his opponent. Also
called top position.
Pin:
Forcing both of the opponent's
shoulders to the mat.
Pinning moves include
the half nelson, quarter
nelson, double arm bar,
and cradle.
Par
terre: Position when
one wrestler is in the
defensive starting
position, on his hands
and knees, and one is
in the offensive starting
position, kneeling
beside his opponent. Also
called referees
position.
Reversal:
Executing a move from
underneath an opponent
that shifts control from
the opponent to the wrestler.
Worth two points. Switches,
rolls, and hip heists
are popular reversals.
Stalemate:
When neither wrestler
can improve his position,
wrestling resumes from
the starting lines.
Stalling:
Both wrestlers must constantly
make an effort to be assertive
(attempt a takedown, escape,
pin, etc.) and remain
within the 10-foot circle.
A warning is given for
the first offense, after
which penalties are enforced.
Supporting
points: The weight-bearing
points of the body, including
feet, knees, hands, buttocks,
etc. The wrestlers are
in bounds as long as the
supporting points of either
wrestler are within the
boundary line.
Technical
violations: There
are seven major technical
violations, including
incorrect starting postion/false
start (warning given),
intentionally going out
of bounds, grasping an
opponents clothing
or equipment, interlocking/overlapping
hands, leaving wrestling
area without referees
permission, improper/illegal
equipment, or applying
a figure 4 (type of hold)
from the neutral position.
Takedown:
Dropping the opponent
down to the floor from
a standing position and
gaining control. Takedowns
include single legs, double
legs, high crotches, headlocks,
body-locks, shrugs, fireman's
carries, and body throws.
Tie-up:
Wrestler grabs the opponent's
upper body while standing
to gain control. Common
tie-ups include the head
and arm tie, as well as
the double bicep tie.
Unnecessary
roughness: Called
for actions that are unreasonably
aggressive.
Unsportsmanlike
conduct: Called for
disobeying or arguing
with a referee, or other
acts of poor sportsmanship
such as swearing, spitting,
taunting, or throwing
equipment.
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